![]() ![]() ![]() Expressions for the energy of a closed system and open systems. Available and non-available energy of a source and finite body. Concept of entropy, T-s diagram, Tds Equations, entropy change for - pure substance, ideal gases - different processes, principle of increase in entropy. ![]() Carnot cycle Reversed Carnot cycle, Performance. Statements of second law and its corollaries. UNIT II SECOND LAW AND AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS First law of thermodynamics –application to closed and open systems – steady and unsteady flow processes. Zeroth law of thermodynamics – concept of temperature and thermal equilibrium– relationship between temperature scales –new temperature scales. Displacement work and other modes of work. Heat and work transfer, definition and comparison, sign convention. Quasi-static, reversible and irreversible processes. Thermodynamic Equilibrium State, path and process. Intensive and extensive, total and specific quantities. Basic concepts - concept of continuum, comparison of microscopic and macroscopic approach. ![]()
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